Objectives: Congenital prothrombin (Factor II) deficiency is an inherited rare bleeding disorder with an autosomal recessive manner. The prevalence of this disorder is about one in 2 000 000 people in general population, but it is more common in areas with a high rate of consanguinity. To date, there is no report on the absence of prothrombin, which is a life-threating disorder. Considering the importance of Factor II in body homeostasis, this study aimed to find any possible mutation of coagulation Factor II codons in patients with inherited Factor II deficiency in southeastern Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 12 patients with inherited deficiency of prothrombin. Early diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, laboratory evaluation, and family history. Then, the function level of prothrombin was measured, the initial diagnosis of disease was confirmed, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed. Finally, gene sequencing and genotyping of Factor II was done. Results: Molecular analysis indicated a point mutation in exon 7 in three patients and a frameshift mutation in exon 14 due to addition of a thymine base at position 1760-1761 in one patient, both of which have been reported for the first time. Conclusions: Molecular methods performed on patients from Southeastern Iranian population in terms of coagulation Factor II deficiency revealed a substitution mutation in exon 7 in three patients and a frameshift mutation in exon 14 in one patient, both of which were reported for the first time. Considering the significant difference between the clinical symptoms of the present study and previous studies, probably the type of mutations reported in this study (for the first time) caused these clinical symptoms, but statistical studies did not show any relationship between the type of mutation and the occurrence of clinical symptoms. And it needs more investigations on more patients, with a larger population.

Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the Factor structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory Factor analysis showed that there are two Factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory Factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed Factor validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two Factor pattern

Background: Factor V G1691A (FV Leiden), FII GA20210, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutations are the most common genetic risk Factors for thromboembolism in the Western countries. However, there is rare data in Iran about cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of common genetic thrombophilic Factors in CVST patients.Materials and Methods: Forty consequently CVST patients from two University Hospital in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences aged more than 15 years from January 2009 to January 2011 were recruited. In parallel, 51 healthy subjects with the same age and race from similar population selected as controls. FV Leiden, FII GA20210, MTHFR C677T, and FV Cambridge gene mutations by polymerase chain reaction technique were evaluated in case and control groups.Results: FV Leiden, FII GA20210, and FV Cambridge gene mutations had very low prevalence in both case (5%, 2%, 0%) and control (2.5%, 0%, 0%) and were not found any significant difference between groups. MTHFR C677T mutations was in 22 (55%) of patients in case group and 18 (35.5%) of control group (P=0.09).Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of FV Leiden, FII GA20210, and FV Cambridge were low. Laboratory investigations of these mutations as a routine test for all patients with CVST may not be cost benefit.

Background: Angiotensin II promotes atherogenesis and modulates plaque vulnerability mainly by stimulating inflammatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the plasma level of angiotensin n in acute coronary syndrome.Methods: The plasma level of angiotensin II was measured using the radioimmunoassay method in 81 patients with acute coronary syndrome, consisting of 34 patients with unstable angina and 47 patients with acute MI, and in 80 non-ischemic patients (control group).Results: The plasma level of angiotensin n was significantly higher in the acute MI patients than that in the control group (11.3±7.50 pg/ml versus 9.72±8.30 pg/ml, P value<0.05).

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) caused by various genetic and non-genetic Factors. After chromosome abnormality, thrombophilia is one of the most important genetic Factors that could cause RPL. Factor V Leiden and Factor II G20210A mutation were the most common mutations cause thrombophilia in the world.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of Factor V Leiden and prothrombine gene mutations in women with RPL compared with women who had uneventful pregnancies.Materials and Methods: This case control study evaluates the frequency of Factor V-Leiden and Factor II G20210 genotypes in 80 women with two or more pregnancy losses, compared with 80 women without adverse pregnancy outcome. The mutations were assessed by PCR-RFLP.Results: Frequency of the Factor V Leiden among cases was 2.5%, which was higher than controls (1.25%), but the difference was not significant (p<0.05). No Factor II G20210 mutation was found among cases and controls.Conclusion: These data did not confirm that Factor V Leiden and Factor II G20210 mutation might play a role in recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian women.